考研英语初期复习技巧(2)

(1) According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _______.

(2) From paragraph 4 we can infer that _______.

(3) The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _______.

(4) Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (Line 4, Paragraph 7)?

(5) What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

在这里笔者提醒考生，对题干中出现的形容词和副词要多加注意，它们往往能起到缩小被修饰词的定位范围的作用。例如，students的定位范围通常比较大，但是good students的定位范围则比较小;have bad dreams定位范围通常比较大，而sometimes have bad dreams的定位范围则比较小，更有利于考生回原文准确定位。

读原文，划重点

对于考试时是否有必要通读文章这一问题，笔者认为读文章是有必要的，但读文章不代表每个单词都读而且还要译成中文。考生读文章要分清哪些句子该作标记并细读，因为这些句子往往是考查的重点。下面笔者推荐三个需要细读并且做标记之处，并举例分析。

1. 转折处(此为必考点)。转折标志词主要包括but、however、yet (放句首)、although、though、while、even if、even though、despite、in spite of、on the contrary等。这些词通过对比来引出相反信息或通过比较来突出事物的某个方面。

例1：①The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. ③Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. ④Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. ⑤Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. ⑥But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. 

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.

[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected

[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied

[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application

[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged

分析：该题目属于推断题，考查的正是but前后内容对比从而引出相反信息这一点。段落中，第五句话提到the company (指Entergy)想要在普利茅斯地区申请继续运营核电站，第六句通过but引出相反信息，言外之意是NRC最终可能不会让其申请通过，由此可以推断出Entergy的业务可能会受到影响。所以答案选择选项A。考生注意：对于转折词，考研英语阅读理解部分倾向于考查通过对比引起相反信息，即转折词前后内容意思相反。

2. 结论处(此为必考点)。结论标志词主要包括say/believe/think/maintain/hold/argue that、show/reveal/indicate/demonstrate/illustrate that、above all、after all、find out、this means、conclude、conclusion、 in fact等。这些词主要是做总结性判断。

例2：①The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. ②Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: They fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. ③“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. ④Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _______.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

分析：这个题目属于一般细节题，题干缺少谓语和宾语。不过根据题干中的holds一词，这道题也可以看成是态度题。根据题干关键词Rosenberg和public-health advocates定位到例文段落中的第四句话，我们不难发现，这句话是一句结论。把题干信息和第四句话的内容对应，可以有如下替换：holds = argues、should = ought to。考生需要根据原文中take a page from advertisers的意思在四个选项中找一个与其同义的选项。通过浏览四个选项，考生可以发现本题答案是选项B。

3. 原因处(此为选择性考点)。原因标志词主要包括because、in that、if、when。这些词主要表明引起与被引起的关系。

例3：Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.

28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because _______.

[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures

[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now

[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat

[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed

分析：根据题干关键词vos Savant’s我们可以将该题的答案信息定位在例文所列的这句话中，这句话就是一个典型的表原因的句子。把这句话和题干信息对应，考生可以发现答案就在“because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers …”这句话中。根据这句话的意思，考生可以得出该题的答案为选项A。

定位答案区域，分析句子结构

考生做题准确率不高的一个原因还在于根据关键词定位到答案区域之后，对答案区域处的句子不做结构分析就直接做题，致使最终做题准确率不高。考生都知道英语句子最简单的构成元素是一个名词加一个动词，即“主语+谓语”。英语句子的加长原则是在“主语+谓语”基础上添加较多修饰语，例如定语、状语和补语，使句子变长。

例如“The Internet is very important”这句话非常简单，为了增加做题难度，出题人会将句子拉长，比如添加插入语、状语、并列词语、修饰成分、从句等，使句子变为如下形式：“It is widely acknowledged that with the rapid development of market-oriented economy as well as advanced science and technology, the Internet—which has long been regarded as one of the useful tools since 20__—is very important in modern society, a society which is entering the information age.”

考生如果不对上述句子进行成分划分，可能根本看不出句子主干是什么，从而搞不清楚这句话到底表达的是什么意思，如此一来，必然会导致理解上的偏差，造成即使找到了答案所在的位置，但仍没有答对题。所以，定位之后划分句子成分非常重要。在冲刺阶段，考生要多做划分长句的练习，同时不放松对语法知识的复习，找出语法方面的薄弱环节，尽力弥补。